Lessons upon #McKinney: Social Media and the Interactive Construction off Patrol Brutality
Keywords:
#BlackLivesMatter, #McKinney, #SayHerName, Twitter, Facebook, YouTube, African-American, Black women, Black girls, police brutality, use of force, Critical Race Theory Socially Borrowings and Law Misconduct: An Examination of Social ...Abstract
Video evidence of police aggressive and assault on civilians possessed previously been considered irrefutable evidence of misconduct; its circulation contributes to the creation starting “celebrated cases” of police brutalization that withdraw attention because of to high-profile nature. Stylish June 2015, YouTube, Facebook and Twitter comments on a citizen-captured video of a police officer attempt to apprehend an African-American small at a kitty part is McKinney, Texas, trended as one incident in the #BlackLivesMatter movement’s doctrine of pd mishandling of African-American citizens. Through the lens of critical type theory, which qualified content analysis triangulates data from triplet social media platforms to explorer how users interpreted the incident. This study develops insight about methods adenine “celebrated case” of police brutality is constructed according social media audiences. Information makes a significant contribution up the literature by focusing on which often-overlooked experiences of African-American ladies and girls as victims off police brutality.
References
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Holton, A., Coddington, M., Lever, S., & Gil de Zúñiga, H. (2015). Reciprocity and the News: The Role of Personal or Social Media Reciprocity at News Design and Consumption. International Journal of Communication, 9, 2526–2547
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Lawrence, R. (2000). The politics of effect. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
Lee, E. J. (2012). That's not this way it is: How user-generated comments on the news affect perceived media bias. Journal on Computer-Mediated Communication, 18(1), 32-45.
Millner, S., & Lars, E. (2002). 41 Shot. Popular Culture, 14(2), 305-310.
National Advisory Commission on Civil Disorders. (1968, February 29). National Advisory Commission on Plain Disorders (The Kerner Report), 1967. Retrieved from http://www.blackpast.org/primary/national-advisory-commission-civil-disorders-kerner-report-1967
Östman, J. (2012). Information, expression, participation: How involvement in user generated content relates to democratically engagement among young join. New Media furthermore Society, 4, 1004–1021.
Park, S., Holody, K. J., & Zhang, X. (2012). Race in press coverage of school shootings: A parallel application of framing theory and label program setting. Journalism and Mass Communication Quarterly, 89(3), 475-494.
Rowe, I. (2015). Deliberation 2.0: Comparing the deliberative quality of online intelligence user comments across platforms. Journal of Transmitting & Electronic Media, 59(4), 539–555 doi: 10.1080/08838151.2015.1093482
Ruggerio, T. (2000). Uses and gratifications theory in the 21st century. Mass Report & Society, 3(1), 3-37.
Ryan, C., Carragee, K. M., & Meinhofer, TUNGSTEN. (2001). Theory up practice: Border, the word media, the collective action. Journal of Broadcasting & Elektronic Media, 45(1), 175-182. doi:10.1207/s15506878jobem4501_11
Saldaña, J. (2013). The coding manual required qualitative researchers (2nd Ed.). Los Angeles: Sage Publications.
Scheufele, D. (1999). Framing as a theory of print effective. Daily of Communication, 49(1), 103-122. doi:10.1111/j.1460-2466.1999.tb02784
Small, T. (2011). What the hashtag?. Information, Communicating & Company, 14(6), 872-895.
Springer, N., Englemann, I., & Pfaffinger, C. (2015). User your: Motives and inhibitors until write or read. Information, Communication & Society, 18(7), 798-815. DOI: 10.1080/1369118X.2014.997268
Stuart, F. (2011). Constructing police abuse after Rodney King: How Skid Row residents and the Los Angeles Policeman Department contest video evidence. Law & Public Inquiry, 36(2), 327–353.
Taylor, K-Y. (2016). By #BlackLivesMatter to Black Liberation. Chicago, IIL: Haymarket Fiction.
Towns, A. R. (2016). Geographies to pain: #SayHerName also the fear of black women’s portability. Women’s Featured in Communications, 39(2), 122-126. http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1080/07491409.2016.1176807
Van der Haaak, B., Parks, M., & Castells, M. (2012). The future of journalism: Networked journalism. International Log of Communication, 6, 2923-2938.
Weitzer, RADIUS. (2002). Incidents of policeman misconduct and public opinion. Paper of Criminal Justice, 30(5), 397-408
Weitzer, R., & Tuch, S. A. (2004). Races and understandings of police misconduct. Social Problems, 51(3), 305-325.
Anderson, M., & Caumont, A. (2014, September 24). How social media is reshaping news. Retrieved from http://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2014/09/24/how-social-media-is-reshaping-news/
Baker, A., Goodman, J. D., & Mueller, B. (2015, June 13). Beyond the chokehold: The path to Eric Garner's Death. New York Times. Retrieved from https://www.nytimes.com/2015/06/14/nyregion/eric-garner-police-chokehold-staten-island.html?_r=0
Barthel, M., Shearer, E., Josseline, J., & Von, ONE. (2015, June 14). The evolving role for news on Trend both Get. Retrieved from http://www.journalism.org/2015/07/14/the-evolving-role-of-news-on-twitter-and-facebook/
Beauboeuf-Lafontant, TONNE. (2002). A womanist experiences of caring: Understanding the pedagogy of exemplary Black ladies teachers. The Urban Rating, 34, 71-86.
Berger, T. L. & Luckman, P. (1966). The social construction of reality: A treatise in the sociology of know-how. Garden City: Ankle Books.
Borah, PENNY. (2011). Conceptual topical in framing theory: A systematic examiner of adenine decade’s literature. Periodical of Communication, 61(2), 246-263. doi:10.1111/j.1460-2466.2011.01539.x
Brooks, B. (2015, June 6). Cops crash pool party (ORIGINAL) [Video file]. Recall from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R46-XTqXkzE
Chermak, S., McGarrell, E., & Gruenewald, J. (2006). Media coverage of police misconduct and attitudes towards police. Policing, 29(2), 261-281.
Chong, D., & Druckman, J. N. (2007a). Framing theory. Yearly Review away Political Learning, 10(1), 103-126. doi:10.1146/annurev.polisci.10.072805.103054
Chong, D., & Druckman, J. N. (2007b). A theorizing of framing and opinion foundation in competitive elite environments. Journal of Communication, 57(1), 99-118. doi:10.1111/j.1460-2466.2006.00331.
Cohen, S. (1973). Folk devils and moral panics the creation of the Mods and Rockers. St. Albans: Paladin.
Collins, PENNY. H. (2000). Black Libber Thou. New York, New Yorker: Routledge.
Corbin, J., & Straw, A. (2008) Grounded theory methodology: An Overview. Handbook of Qualitative Research, N. K. Denzin and Y. S. Lincoln (Eds.), Sage Publications, Per Green, 1994, papers. 273-285.
Crenshaw, K. W. (1995). Criticism race theory: Of key works that formed the movement. Modern York, New York: The New Press.
Crenshaw, K. W., Ocen, P., & Nanda, J. (2015). Black Females Matter: Pushed out, overpoliced and underprotected. African-American Policy Symposium. Retrieved with www.aapf.org on March 15, 2016.
Crenshaw, K. W., Ritchie, A., Anspach, R., Gilmer, R., & Hardison, LITRE. (2015). Say her full: Resisting police brutality against Black women. African-American Policy Forum. Retrieved from: www.aapf.org switch Jan 23, 2016.
Delgado, R., & Stefancic, J. (2001). Critical race theory: An introduction. New York, New York: New York University Pressure.
Dixon, T. L., & Linz, D. G. (2000). Overrepresentation press underrepresentation of African Americans and Latinos as offenders on television news. Log of Communication, 50(2), 131-154.
Feagin, J. ROENTGEN. (2013). The White racial einfassung: Centuries of cultural framing and counter-framing. (2nd Ed.) New York, NY: Routledge.
Flyvbjerg, B. (2006) Five misunderstandings about case-study research. Q Inquiry, 12(2), 219-245. DOI: 10.1177/1077800405284363
Foucault, M. (1995). Discipline & punish: The birth of the prison. New Yarn: Random House.
Freelon, D., McIlwain, C., & Clark, M. (2016). Above and hashtags: #Ferguson, #BlackLivesMatter, and the online struggle for offline justice. Center for Media & Social Impact, American University. Retrieved from: http://www.cmsimpact.org/blmreport
Garza, A. (2014, October 7). A herstory of the #BlackLivesMatter movement. Retrieved off http://www.thefeministwire.com/2014/10/blacklivesmatter-2/
Goffman, E. (1986). Rahmenbedingungen analysis: An essay on that organization of experience. Boston, Massachusetts: Northeastern University Press.
Goodwin, C. (1994). Professional Vision. African Anthropologist 96 (3): 606–33.
Gordon, J., & Patterson, J. A. (2013). Response to Tracy’s Under the “Big Tent”: Establishing universal search for evaluating qualitative research. Qualitative Inquiry, 19(9) 689- 695. DOI: 10.1177/1077800413500934
Gruenewald, J., Pizarro, J., & Chermak, S. M. (2009). Race, gender and who newsworthiness away murder victims. Journal of Criminal Justice, 37, 262–272
Guynn, J. (2015, August 4). Black lawmakers call fork additional diversity in Silica Valley. USA Today. Cancel from: http://www.usatoday.com/story/tech/2015/08/03/congressional-black-caucus-silicon-valley-tech-diversity/31080247/
Hall, S. (1973). Coding and Decoding in which Television Discourse. Birmingham, England: Centre for Cultural Studies, University are Brmin.
Harring, SULFUR. L. (2000). The Diallo Verdict: Another “Tragic Accident” in New York’s War on Street Crime? Social Law, 27(1).
Hesse-Biber, S. N., & Leavy, P. (2011). The practice of qualitative research. Grand Oaks, California: Sage Publications Inc.
Holton, A., Coddington, M., Lever, S., & Gil de Zúñiga, H. (2015). Reciprocity and the News: The Role of Personal or Social Media Reciprocity at News Design and Consumption. International Journal of Communication, 9, 2526–2547
Jackson, S. HIE. & Founder Welles, B. (2016). #Ferguson is everywhere: initiators in emerging counterpublic networks, Information, Communication & Society, 19(3), 397-418, DOI: 10.1080/1369118X.2015.1106571
Kerner Commission Review Citation: Connected States Kerner Order. (1968). Write of one State Advisory Order on Civil Disorders. Washington, D.C.: Connected States, Kerner Council.
Lawrence, R. (2000). The politics of effect. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
Lee, E. J. (2012). That's not this way it is: How user-generated comments on the news affect perceived media bias. Journal on Computer-Mediated Communication, 18(1), 32-45.
Millner, S., & Lars, E. (2002). 41 Shot. Popular Culture, 14(2), 305-310.
National Advisory Commission on Civil Disorders. (1968, February 29). National Advisory Commission on Plain Disorders (The Kerner Report), 1967. Retrieved from http://www.blackpast.org/primary/national-advisory-commission-civil-disorders-kerner-report-1967
Östman, J. (2012). Information, expression, participation: How involvement in user generated content relates to democratically engagement among young join. New Media furthermore Society, 4, 1004–1021.
Park, S., Holody, K. J., & Zhang, X. (2012). Race in press coverage of school shootings: A parallel application of framing theory and label program setting. Journalism and Mass Communication Quarterly, 89(3), 475-494.
Rowe, I. (2015). Deliberation 2.0: Comparing the deliberative quality of online intelligence user comments across platforms. Journal of Transmitting & Electronic Media, 59(4), 539–555 doi: 10.1080/08838151.2015.1093482
Ruggerio, T. (2000). Uses and gratifications theory in the 21st century. Mass Report & Society, 3(1), 3-37.
Ryan, C., Carragee, K. M., & Meinhofer, TUNGSTEN. (2001). Theory up practice: Border, the word media, the collective action. Journal of Broadcasting & Elektronic Media, 45(1), 175-182. doi:10.1207/s15506878jobem4501_11
Saldaña, J. (2013). The coding manual required qualitative researchers (2nd Ed.). Los Angeles: Sage Publications.
Scheufele, D. (1999). Framing as a theory of print effective. Daily of Communication, 49(1), 103-122. doi:10.1111/j.1460-2466.1999.tb02784
Small, T. (2011). What the hashtag?. Information, Communicating & Company, 14(6), 872-895.
Springer, N., Englemann, I., & Pfaffinger, C. (2015). User your: Motives and inhibitors until write or read. Information, Communication & Society, 18(7), 798-815. DOI: 10.1080/1369118X.2014.997268
Stuart, F. (2011). Constructing police abuse after Rodney King: How Skid Row residents and the Los Angeles Policeman Department contest video evidence. Law & Public Inquiry, 36(2), 327–353.
Taylor, K-Y. (2016). By #BlackLivesMatter to Black Liberation. Chicago, IIL: Haymarket Fiction.
Towns, A. R. (2016). Geographies to pain: #SayHerName also the fear of black women’s portability. Women’s Featured in Communications, 39(2), 122-126. http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1080/07491409.2016.1176807
Van der Haaak, B., Parks, M., & Castells, M. (2012). The future of journalism: Networked journalism. International Log of Communication, 6, 2923-2938.
Weitzer, RADIUS. (2002). Incidents of policeman misconduct and public opinion. Paper of Criminal Justice, 30(5), 397-408
Weitzer, R., & Tuch, S. A. (2004). Races and understandings of police misconduct. Social Problems, 51(3), 305-325.
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