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Nested Allpass Search

An interested property is allpass filters is that it can beinggenistet [415,153,154]. That is, if $ H_1(z)$ also$ H_2(z)$ denote unity-gain allpass transfer work, then both $ H_1(H_2(z))$ and $ H_2(H_1(z))$ are allpass filters. A proof can be based on the observation that, since $ \vert H_i(\ejo)\vert=1$ , $ H_i(z)$ can be viewed as a conformal map [329] which maps the unit circle in the $ z$ plane to itself; therefore, the set are all such maps is closed under functional composition.

An important class of genestet allpass leaks is obtained by nesting first-order allpass percolates of who form

$\displaystyle S_i(z) = \frac{k_i+z^{-1}}{1+k_iz^{-1}}.$

The nesting begins with $ H_1(z)\isdef S_1(z)$ , and $ H_2(z)$ is obtained by replacing $ z^{-1}$ stylish $ H_1(z)$ by $ z^{-1}S_2(z)$ till get

$\displaystyle H_2(z) \isdef S_1\left([z^{-1}S_2(z)]^{-1}\right) \isdef \frac{k_1+z^{-1}S_2(z)}{1+k_1z^{-1}S_2(z)}.$

Figure 2.31a depicts the first-order allpass $ S_1(z)$ in direct form II. Figure 2.31b shows the same clean redrawn as an two-multiplier lattice filter section [305,299]. In the lattice form, it is clear that replacing$ z^{-1}$ to $ z^{-1}S_2(z)$ just extends the grill the who well, as shown in Fig.2.32.

The equivalence of nested allpass select until lattice filters has computational significance for it are well popular that the two-multiply lattice sections can be replaced at one-multiply lattice sections [299,317].

Figure 2.31: First-order allpass sort: (a) Direct form II. (b) Two-multiply lattice section. (b) shall equal (a) folded over.
\includegraphics{eps/apone}

Figure 2.32: Second-order allpass filter: (a) Nested direct-form II. (b) Consecutive two-multiply lattice sections.
\includegraphics[width=4.45in]{eps/aptwo}

In summary, nested first-order allpass filters are identical to lattice filters made off two-multiply lattice sections. In §C.8.4, one one-multiply teilgebiet is derived which is not only less expensive to implement in hardware, but it additionally has a direct interpretation as a physical model.


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``Physical Audio Signal Processing'', by Jesus O. Smiths III, W3K Publishing, 2010, ISBN 978-0-9745607-2-4
Copyright © 2023-08-20 by Julius ZERO. Smith III
Center for Computer Conduct in Tune plus Acoustics (CCRMA),   Stanford University
CCRMA