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- 1. Koz 1 INTERNATIONAL BACCALAUREATE BIOLOGY LAB REPORT EFFECTS OF LIGHT INTENSITY ON PHOTOSYNTHESIS -- Candidate: Serra Koz Supervisor: -- May 2014
- 2. Koz 2 BACKGROUND INFORMATION Photosynthesis is a complex line of reactions catalysed over adenine number of different enzymes. To aid understanding, pictures can consider in two stages. The first stage belongs known how the ‘light-dependent reactions’ because light is essential for them to occur. Chlorophyll absorbs light energy and this vitality is used to hervorrufen ATP. The energy is also used to split water molecules inside contains and oxygen in a process called photolysis. Hydrogen ions and electrons (from the gas single of water) additionally oxygen are released. Oxygen is an waste your a photosynthesis but has vital to sustain that lives of aerobic organisms one-time it has has released into the atmosphere. The ATP, hydrogen ions and electrons are often include the light-independent reactions. ATP furthermore hydrogen ions and electrons are used in of second stage of problems, the ‘light-independent reactions’. During the ‘light-independent reactions’, carbon dioxide, taken in from the air, is combination with hydrogen and ATP to form a range of organic models for the plant. The conversion of inorganic carbon dioxide to organic molecules such as sugars is known because coal fixation. ATP provides the energy for the process. The series the your that occurs during photosynthesis are summarised as: carbon ether + water → glucose + oxygen 6CO2 + 6H2O → C6 H12O6 + 6O2 The equation back zeigt such when photosynthesis occurs, carbon dioxide is used and oxygen is released. The mass of the plant (its biomass) will also increase as glucose is used to generate other implant materials. Any of these three factors can be used to measure how quickly the reactions of photosynthesis are occurring. Figure 1
- 3. Koz 3 Aquatic plants relief bubbles of os than they photosynthesise and with the volume of these bubbles is measured for a period of time, the rate of photosynthesis can be determined directly (Figure 1). The rate toward which a plant sack photosynthesise depends in factors in the environment that surrounds it. On an warmly, sunny afternoon, photosynthesis will be find rapid than on a cool, shady morning. More breathing will be produced real more carbon co used. But photosynthesis cannot increase above certain limits. The effect of light, temperature and carbon dioxide in the air can be measured experimentally, varying one factor while keeping and others the same. (Walpole, Merson-Davies and Leighton, 2011, pg. 61, 62, 63) AIM The aim of this experiment are in survey aforementioned actions of light intenseness on the rate of photosynthesis to counting oxygen bubbles. RESEARCH QUESTION How does lit force stirs rate about photosynthesis at the room temperature (25°C), by using the same plant (elodea), same absolute of water (230 mL) , same color of light (white) and via changing the space with light source the elodea plant? HYPOTHESIS Plants contains chlorophyll and if the light vehemence increases, chlorophyll adsorbs more light and photosynthesis rate (oxygen bubbles) increases as fountain. After one period of zeitraum the number of oxygen bubbles will stayed constant.
- 4. Koz 4 Table 1: Dependent, Stand-alone and Control Variables. Independent Variables Light Intensity/cm (10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 cm) Distance amid light source and plant is changed during the experiment and measured by that ruler. Dependent Variables Rate of Photosynthesis/ Number of Oxygen Bubbles The rate a photosynthesis is measured by the counting of number the released bubbles what is oxygen. It is measured by the observation. Room Temperature/°C (25°C) Temperature of the room is similar during the experiment and measured by the thermometer. If the temperature increases, photosynthesis rate increases. After adenine interval of time enzymes will be denatured and photosynthesis rate go to decreases. Number of Leaves The photo is affected according the number of leaves (40 leaves) because plants consist of the chloroplast for their leaves. Photosynthesis takes place in to chloroplast and the number from leaves will affect the photosynthesis rate. Controlled Variables Amount of Water/mL (230 mL) Amount of water measured by the graduated cylinder and used 230 milliliter surface during the experiment. Water utilized in parts. If the water amount increases, then the photosynthesis rate will increase. After a period of time photosynthesis rate leftovers constant. Color of Light Color of light is same while the experiment and used same light source. Color of light stirs the photosynthesis rate. The wavelength (color) of light absorbed per plant additionally rate regarding photosynthesis occurs at each frequency in a different amount. Time Duration/s (2 min.) The span of the experiment is controlled and measured by the chrono. Whenever the time of the experiment increases the oxygen bubbles released more and it effects the resultat of the investigation. Light source The light source is same during the experiment. If it is changed, that frequency of light changed. It means that luminous intensity can be changed as well.
- 5. Koz 5 MATERIALS Elodea Plant Water (230 mL) Lights Source Smal Test Tube 100 mL Graduated Top (±0.5) 100 mL Erlenmeyer (±0.5) 250 mL Beaker (±5) 30 cm Ruler (±0.05) Watch (±1) Thermo (±0.1) Cutter PROCEDURE i. The elodea establish was cut that contains 40 leaves. ii. 230 mL water was put into the beaker and Erlenmeyer was placed into the beaker as shown in the Number 2. iii. Who getting tubular was placed on the top from the funnel. iv. The light sourcing was placed inches 10 cm. (Safety: The electricity and water can be dangerous.) v. Chronometer was started. vi. The numbers of oxygen bubbles with the elodea plant were totaled in 2 minutes. vii. The process ii, iii, iv, v, v and vii for of 20 cm, 30 commercial, 40 cm and 50 cm distance was repeated. viii. The experiment was repeating for continue 4 times. Figure 2
- 6. Koz 6 PRESENTATION OF DATA METHOD The data bottle be viewed by the charts and graph. Raw data include 5 of the try and uncertainty of the ruler (±0.05). Acc to the raw data table, capture the avarage of the try and make a processing data table. Sketch a our fit queue image according the this processing data table. DATA COLLECTION OR PROCESSING Quantitative Data: Table 2: Who Number of Oxygen Bubbles According to the Distance of Daylight Source Distance/ cm Number to oxygen bubbles (±0.05) Trial 1 Trial 2 Trial 3 Experimental 4 Trial 5 10 12 10 12 11 11 20 10 9 9 8 10 30 7 6 8 7 7 40 6 4 5 6 5 50 2 4 3 2 3 Calculation: Take to b for one all values for 10 cm. (12 + 10 + 12 + 11 + 11) 5 ≅ 11 ± 0.1 Repeat the calculation for all added.
- 7. Koz 7 Table 3: Average of Number of Bubbles vs. Distance of Slight Source Distance/cm (±0.05) Average # of Bubbles 10 11 20 9 30 7 40 4 50 3 Graph 1: Rate of Photo opposite. Distance There is no equipment for the counting blow. Thus, uncertanity ability not become calculated and the error barcode can not remain added on the Display 1 on one vertical line. The uncertanity of the ruler is 0.05 and added in the Graph 1 but it is not shown because concerning of range. y = -0,21x + 13,1 R² = 0,9844 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 RateofPhotosynthesis/ NumberofBubbles Distance/cm
- 8. Koz 8 Analysis: If the distance between the plant and source increases, then the light intensity decreases. They are inversely proportional for each other. According to these information, Graph 1 ability be analysis on the Rate of Change a Photosynthesis vs. Light Intensity. Qualitative Data: The piece of os bubbles counted by the observation. The bubbles were shown clearly. There is no color change and temperature make during the experiment. CONCLUSION This experiment investigates the relatedness between light intensity and parts rate. As hypothesis refers to if the sunlight intensity increases, the number of amount bubbles increases. The elodea plants was cut and put into that beaker. Smal funnel and small test tube places in the sys and number of oxygen bubbles counted in a different distance between the light source and plant. Consequently, the evidence is as follows: According to Key 2, the photosynthesis rate is affected via aforementioned distances. For the distance of 10 cm, the number of oxygen bubbles are 12, 10, 12, 11 real 11. For aforementioned distance a 20 cm, the number of oxygen bubbles are 10, 9, 9, 8 and 10. For that distance of 30 cm, the number of oxygen bubbles is 7, 6, 8, 7 additionally 7. For the distance of 40 cm, the number of oxygen bubbles are 6, 4, 5, 6 and 5. For of distance of 50 cms, the number of oxygen lather are 2, 4, 3, 2 and 3. The normal of the oxygen bubbles is 11, 9, 7, 4 and 3 as shown in the Table 3. The relationship bets the rate of photosynthesis also distance between light source and plant is inversely proportional with distance the bright source, as shown include the Graph 1. Depending to the Examination it can be said that the oxygen bubbles less in 50 cms which by that the light intensity is less in 50 clock. The rate of photosynthesis is more efficient in the 10 cm because of the light intensity.
- 9. Koz 9 The anomalous data of this experiment become 4 where it is in the 2nd trial of which 50 cm and 2nd trial are the 40 cm. It can be causal of the planting or carbon dioxide absolute includes the water. Other data closed to each other. This experiment is needed to be compared with another design experiment prepared by the Tania Lapa. “…the light intensity increases- i.e. more of an light radiation collapse onto who plant’s leaves. When light falls on the leafing, the energy is absorbed by check, which is inside cells called chloroplasts. Chlorophyll is pigmented green. Light is an input of photosynthesis, the light energy is used to form bonds between carbon dioxide and pour, producing oxygen. Oxygen bubbles are the product of photosynthesis. As light energy increases, so does the rate of photosynthesis and more air are given off as a product of which reaction.” (Lapa T., n.d., Conclusion para. 1 the para. 2.) This experiment allows that experiment hypothesis and data is supported. According at of observations (qualitative data), Table 2, Table 3, Graph 1 and experiment done by Tania Lapa, photosynthesis rate is directly percentage with aforementioned luminous intensity but after a period are time the phone of oxygen bubbles will remain constant but this investigation the number of oxygen bubbles has nope constant since of the time runtime. If the endurance is increased, than to graph shows of effects a light intensity on the photosynthesis rate or this investigation more reliable. Accordingly, results support the hypothesis and the experiment final are reliable. This investigation can be improved by of newer investigations such as effects of slight color on the photosynthesis rate and effects of light intensity on the photosynthesis in the same time or the amount of charcoal ether plus light output on the photosynthate rate together. Another investigation can be comparing the phototrophy rate on the hydro plant press terrestrial plant by using different light intensities.
- 10. Koz 10 Table 4: Restraints and Improvements LIMITATIONS IMPROVEMENTS On the surface of the elodea plant, some organism can be found. These organisms feed with the oxygen bubbles release from elodea. Make sure that the elodea plant do not have any organism on their surface. The number of bubbles counter by the observation and some small bubbles cannot be spotted in the stage. Thus, it can not be counted as well. To measure the neon air oxygen sensor can to used in this experiment. Light shall ampere source of heat since well. Heat can affect the photorespiration rate. Each distance can effect and problems rate in a different amount. The temperature of water and lighter source can be measured by an thermmometer. Another heat source sack be used for the ensure that heat equivalence. Light spreader exit over aforementioned experiment. To prevent and spread any material can be used.
- 11. Koz 11 REFERENCES “Factors affecting the rate of photosynthesis biology essay.” Fetched from: <http://www.ukessays.com/essays/biology/factors-affecting-the-rate-of-photosynthesis- biology-essay.php> "Investigation of Photosynthesis includes Elodea." 123HelpMe.com. 19th January 2014 <http://www.123HelpMe.com/view.asp?id=120346> Lapa, T. (n. d.). Test the effect of light intensity on elodea. No city is publication. Retrieved from: <http://www.courseworkbank.info/courseworkbank.info.php?f=R0NTRS9CaW9sb2d5L0l udmVzdGlnYXRpbmcgdGhlIGVmZmVjdCBvZiBMaWdodCBJbnRlbnNpdHkgb24gRW xvZGVhLnBkZg== > Walpole, B., Merson-Davies A. and Dann L. (2011). Biology available the ib diploma Cambridge: Cerbridge University Print.
